Acesso Radial vs. Acesso Femoral em Pacientes com Idade Avançada Submetidos à Intervenção Coronária Percutânea / Acesso Radial vs. Femoral Artery Access in Elderly Patients Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention

Introdução: Estudos demonstram que o acesso via artéria radial diminui o risco de complicações vasculares e hemorrágicas associadas à intervenção coronária percutânea. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar os resultados hospitalares da utilização da via radial em pacientes idosos submetidos à intervenção coronária percutânea. Métodos: Registro prospectivo, que incluiu pacientes ≥ 70 anos, tendo sido comparados os desfechos de segurança e de eficácia entre os grupos tratados pelas vias radial e femoral. Resultados: Incluímos 225 pacientes, sendo 117 (52%) tratados por via radial e 108 por via femoral. À exceção da idade, as demais características clínicas não mostraram diferenças entre os grupos. Predominaram os pacientes do sexo masculino (60%), 36,7% eram diabéticos e mais de um terço foi tratado na vigência de quadro de síndrome coronária aguda. As variáveis angiográficas e do procedimento não mostraram diferenças entre os grupos. Na comparação das taxas de complicações vasculares, somente os hematomas < 5 cm (5,1% vs. 17,6%; p < 0,01) foram mais prevalentes no acesso femoral. Sangramentos maiores, pelo critério ACUITY (zero vs. 5,6%; p = 0,01), e menores, pelo critério TIMI (zero vs. 7,4%; p < 0,01), também foram mais frequentes no grupo femoral. Os desfechos clínicos hospitalares óbito (0,9% vs. 5,6%; p = 0,06) e infarto não fatal (zero vs. 3,7%; p = 0,05) incidiram mais frequentemente nos pacientes tratados por via femoral. Conclusões: Em uma população não selecionada de pacientes com idade ≥ 70 anos, a intervenção coronária percutânea por via radial esteve associada à menor incidência de desfechos clínicos hospitalares...

Background: Studies demonstrate that radial artery access reduces the risk of vascular and bleeding complications associated to percutaneous coronary intervention. Our objective was to evaluate in-hospital results of the transradial approach in elderly patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Methods: Prospective registry including patient's ≥ 70 years of age; safety and efficacy endpoints were compared for the radial and femoral artery access groups. Results: We included 255 patients, 117 (52%) treated using the radial approach and 108 using the femoral approach. Except for age, the remaining clinical characteristics did not show differences between groups. Male patients prevailed (60%), 36.7% were diabetic and over one third were diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome. Angiographic and procedure-related variables did not show differences between groups. When vascular complication rates were compared only hematomas < 5 cm (5.1% vs. 17.6%; p < 0.01) were more prevalent with the femoral access. Major bleedings, according to the ACUITY criteria (zero vs. 5.6%; p = 0.01) and minor bleedings, according to the TIMI criteria (zero vs. 7.4%; p < 0.01), were also more frequent in the femoral group. In-hospital clinical endpoints, death (0.9% vs. 5.6%; p = 0.06) and non-fatal infarction (zero vs. 3.7%; p = 0.05) were more frequent in patients treated by the femoral access. Conclusions: In a non-selected patient population ≥ 70 years of age, percutaneous coronary intervention by radial access was associated to a lower incidence of in-hospital clinical endpoints, especially of bleeding events related to the vascular access route...

Infarto agudo do miocárdio em pacientes idosos. Análise comparativa dos preditores da mortalidade. Idosos versus jovens / Acute myocardial infarction in elderly patients. Comparative analysis of the predictors of mortality. The elderly versus the young

OBJECTIVE: To study the in-hospital evolution of patients aged 65 years and older, with acute myocardial infarction, who were treated by direct coronary angioplasty with no fibrinolytic therapy. METHODS: We studied 885 patients divided into 2 groups as follows: group I (GI) - 293 (33.4 percent) patients aged ³ 65 years (72±5 years), and group II (GII) - 592 patients aged < 65 years (57±9 years). Multivessel disease was more frequent in GI (63.5 percent x 49.7 percent; p=0.001). A greater number of GII patients were class I or II of the clinical Killip-Kimball classification (K) (80.2 percent x 67.2 percent; p=0.00002), while a significant number of GI patients were KIII and KIV (24.3 percent x 12.8 percent; p=0.00003). RESULTS: Group I had a lower index of success (84.6 percent x 94 percent; p=0.0002) and a greater in-hospital mortality (12.2 percent x 4.7 percent; p=0.00007). The predictors of mortality in GI were as follows: previous infarction (20.5 percent x 6.3 percent; p=0.02), anterior location (13.4 percent x 6.4 percent; p=0.03), and male sex (10.4 percent x 4.4 percent; p=0.007). CONCLUSION: Elderly patients had more severe acute myocardial infarction and more extensive disease, a lower index of success, and greater in-hospital mortality. Previous infarction, anterior location and male sex were identified as predictors of mortality in the elderly group (GI)

Utilizaçäo do abciximab associado à angioplastia primária no tratamento do infarto agudo do miocárdio / The use of abciximab associated with primary angioplasty for treating acute myocardial infarction

OBJECTIVE: To assess the benefit resulting from the use of abciximab associated with primary angioplasty. The following parameters were analyzed in-hospital, at 30 days, and 6 months: (a) flow in the culprit artery; (b) ventricular function; (c) combined outcome of death, acute myocardial infarction, and aditional revascularization. METHODS: From November 1997 to June 1999, a longitudinal nonrandomized study with historical data of 137 patients with acute myocardial infarction within the first 12 hours. Patients undergoing primary angioplasty and were divided into 2 groups: those receiving (A) abciximab (26) or (B) conventional therapy (111). TIMI flow and regional ventricular function estimated by the standard deviation (SD)/chordis index were analyzed. RESULTS: At the end of angioplasty, TIMI 3 flow was observed in 76.9 percent and 83.8 percent of the patients in groups A and B, respectively (P=0.58). In the reevaluation, patients with TIMI flow <3 showed a 100 percent improvement in group A and a 33 percent in group B (P<0.0001). A significant improvement (P<0.0001) in regional ventricular function, by SD/chordis index, occurred in each group; no significant difference between groups however, was observed (29.9 percent x 20.2 percent; P=0.58). A nonsignificant reduction in the combined outcome in the in-hospital phase (3.85 percent A x 9.0 percent B; P=0.34) and on the 30th day (4.0 percent x 12.0 percent; P=0.22) was observed in group A. CONCLUSION: Abciximab improved blood flow. Primary angioplasty improved regional ventricular function independent of antithrombotic therapy. Abciximab showed a trend toward reducing the combined outcome in the in-hospital phase and on the 30th day